Reference #495: Organizational Culture and Leadership

For any non-trivial change or learning in an organisation, there are three stages in the change process:

1. Creating the motivation to change. This starts with the "unfreezing" of existing behaviours and concepts, triggered by a disconfirmation of beliefs (evidence that goals are not being met, or processes are not working). This creates survival anxiety encouraging a change, which is opposed by learning anxiety resisting the change. Finally, psychology safety is created to overcome learning anxiety.
2. The actual change learning process. Here the change participant learns new concepts and new meanings for old concepts. This is accomplished through imitation of and identification with role models, scanning for solutions in the environment, and trial-and-error.
3. Internalising new concepts, meanings, and standards. This is the "refreezing" process where concepts are solidified.

Schein. Organizational Culture and Leadership, 2017. (323, 330, 337)

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