Reference #497: Organizational Culture and Leadership
To create the conditions for change and for individual learning to occur, keep in mind two principles.
First, survival anxiety (the discomfort from realising that important goals are not being reached or that processes are ineffective) must be greater than learning anxiety. If this is accomplished by increasing the overall level of anxiety, the learner may end up feeling more defensive. This may lead to them avoiding the pain of the learning process altogether.
And so comes the second principle: rather than increasing survival anxiety, you must reduce learning anxiety. This can be accomplished by increasing the learner's sense of psychological safety and reducing external barriers to change.
Schein. Organizational Culture and Leadership, 2017. (327-328)